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How many Frog species?
There are about 5250 species of frogs known to science. The most common characteristic of frogs is in the backbone or vertebral column that is made of ten vertebrae followed by a long single tailbone or “Urostyle”. Frogs are aquatic or semi-aquatic. Their skin is smooth and moist.
Water Conservation
Frogs absorb water directly through their skin. Some have waterproof skin. Frogs conserve water through their activity restricted to nights. They lie with toes and fingers tucked under body and chin reducing the area of skin for water loss. Some species live in groups and huddle together to minimize exposure. Tree frogs adopt these methods to conserve water.
The Poison dart frogs secrete poison through their skin. Some native people of South America extract poison from these frogs and apply it to their darts for hunting. The poison is called Batrachotoxin. It is deadly to smaller animals. An amount of 136 micrograms is a lethal dosage for a 150 pounds(68 kg) man. This amount is equivalent to 2 or 3 grains of table salt.
Are frogs and Toads the same?
True frogs are the members of the family Ranidae. They are found everywhere except in Antarctica. True frogs tend to be aquatic. Their skin is smooth and moist. True toads are the members of Bufonidae. They are found worldwide except in Australasia, Polar regions, Madagascar and Polynesia. Bufo marinus is a toad that has been artificially introduced into Australia and South Pacific Islands.
Green Frog
The male green frog’s call is compared to the pluck of a loose banjo string. The green frogs are found in swamps, ponds, lakes, marshes, streams and rivers. Green frogs live along with Mink frogs that are also green in color. Mink frogs have a musky skin secretion that makes them foul tasting to many predators. In South US green frogs occur in small populations. They are brownish or bronze colored and hence called ‘Bronze frogs’.
Wood Frog
Male wood frog’s calling Quork-quork-quork, for its mates is more heard immediately after the winter snow is gone and when ponds and ditches are filled with snowmelt waters. Wood frogs are widely distributed in Northern America. They are known for their ability to survive extreme cold conditions with their body absolutely frozen solid.
Brown Frog
Brown frogs are the most common European species. They spend most of their time on the forest floor and breed soon after the snow melts. In mountain areas they remain close to ponds or lakes for most of the year. The throat of the male brown frog becomes bluish during breeding season. Europeans consider this frog a delicacy and it is one of their edible items from the wild.
Leopard Frog
The frog is green to brown with large dark circular spots. A thin lighter ring borders each spot. The species was once widely distributed in Canada. Its number has begun to decline due to pollution drift from US in the form of acid rains. The Northern Leopard frog produces specific ribonucleases (enzymes) in its oocytes (eggs). These enzymes are potential drugs for cancer.
Marsh Frog
The marsh frog was first introduced into Walland Marsh in Kent (UK) in 1935. Since then it has spread to wide areas. It is a voracious predator frog and is the largest among the European species. Its dorsal surface is green occasionally with dark spots. The frog lives always close to water bodies. The Northern Australian marsh frog calls Kuk-kuk-kuk whereas the Southern ones produce Click-plocks that are similar to sounds when two stones are struck together.
Pickerel Frog
The skin spots of pickerel frogs are brown or tan and precisely square shaped. Seen from a distance they blend to form a long rectangle along the back hard to notice by any predator and often mistaken to be a flat inanimate object. Presence of bright orange colors under the hind legs distinguishes this frog from the Leopard frog. The male pickerel frog produces a rolling snore under water during the breeding season.
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